Labels

Ionic Bonding - What, How, Why , all properties, energy terms and favourable condition for strong bond/ more ionic bonds

Everything About Ionic Bonds

Question discussed:

What are Ionic Bonds?

Definition:

It is a bond formed by an electrostatic force of attraction between a metal and a non metal or you could say an electropositive and an electronegaative element.
It is a non directional bond.
Also 

Few examples: NaCl, MgCl2
                       
                   


How are Ionic Bonds formed?


The formation of ionic bonds is quite simpler than any other bonds like covalent or metallic.

Formation:

The metal (electropositive) element loses an electron to the non metal (electronegative) element.
So there is complete transfer of electron.

Example in NaCl:-
Na  --> Na+ + e-

Cl+ e-  --> Cl- 



Now you may notice that both the atoms have complete octets then :-

Why do they form bonds even after the octets of both the elements are complete ?

Lets take the example of NaCl (Sodium Chloride), 
Before the losing and gaining electron, both Na (Sodium) and Cl (chlorine) exist in gaseous state. After Na loses an electron and Cl gains an electron, they become gaseous ions. As they are in gaseous state they are very unstable. So to attain stability, they form bond by the strong electrostatic force of  attraction and become solid NaCl.

Energy Terms

Ionisation Energy

The amount of energy required for removing an electron from an atom or ion. 

Electron Affinity

It is the tendency to accept an electron

Lattice Energy

Energy released when 1 mole of ionic compound formed from a gaseous anion and a cation

  Which Bond is more Ionic?

M à e- + M+(g) In this step energy is absorbed. This energy is called ionization energy. If Ionization energy of Metal is minimum, then the bond is strong

X + e- à X-(g) Energy is released called Electron affinity. If Electron affinity of Non metal is maximum, bond is strong

M+(g) + X-(g) à MX  Here, Energy is released in the form of Lattice energy. If the lattice energy is maximum, bond is strong.

Properties

1.      Solid

2.      High Melting and Boiling point – due to strong electrostatic force of attraction

3.      Conductivity- Bad conductor in solid state but good in molten or aqueous state

4.     Solubility- dissolvable in polar solvent by the process called salvation / hydration. In brief, Solvation is a process whereby stabilization of solute in solvent occurs.

5.     Ionic Reaction are extremely fast.

6.     Isomorphism- similar lattice 3d crystal structure. Isomorphs have similar formula and size is nearly same.



Covalent Character In Ionic Bond






Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts